F-1 Visa
For individuals coming to the U.S. to attend an academic program as a full-time student.
Application Process:
To obtain F-1 status, you must first obtain Form I-20 from the sponsoring school. Then, you can apply for the F-1 visa at a U.S. consulate or embassy abroad. Alternatively, you may change to F-1 status from another nonimmigrant status by filing a change of status application with USCIS.
Duration:
An F-1 visa holder is permitted to stay in the U.S. for the duration of their educational program, as indicated on Form I-20. Their entry into the U.S. is marked as “D/S” (duration of status) on the I-94 card.
Dependents:
- Dependents may obtain F-2 status.
- F-2 status does not provide work authorization
Work Authorization:
Curricular Practical Training (CPT)allows students to gain work experience related to their field of study. It must be approved by the designated school official and endorsed on Form I-20. However, working more than 12 months of full-time CPT makes the student ineligible for Optional Practical Training (OPT).
Optional Practical Training (OPT) provides up to 12 months of work experience related to the student’s field of study. It can be used during school vacations, part-time during the school year, or after graduation, but post-graduation OPT must be completed within 14 months of graduation. OPT requires a recommendation on Form I-20 and the submission of USCIS Form I-765. While employment can change during OPT, it must be reported to the school, and limits on unemployment during OPT apply.
Cap Gap:
Students with pending or approved H-1B visa petitions may qualify for an employment authorization extension under the cap gap. They must report their cap gap eligibility to the school and avoid leaving the U.S. during this period.
STEM Extensions:
STEM degree holders may qualify for an additional 17-month OPT extension. This requires the employer to participate in the E-Verify program. Students must apply for an extended Employment Authorization Document (EAD) before their current EAD expires.
